Which medication is classified as an ACE inhibitor?

• A. Lisinopril
• B. Metoprolol
• C. Amlodipine
• D. Losartan

Answer: (A)

Lisinopril is classified as an ACE inhibitor, a group of medications that are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and heart failure. ACE stands for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, and these inhibitors work by blocking the action of this enzyme, which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, and by inhibiting its formation, ACE inhibitors lead to vasodilation, reduction in blood pressure, and decreased workload on the heart.

Additionally, the use of ACE inhibitors like lisinopril has been associated with renal protective effects in patients with diabetes and can help in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Because of their efficacy and safety profile, they are frequently among the first-line treatments for high blood pressure and heart failure management.

The other medications listed do not belong to this class; for instance, metoprolol is a beta-blocker, which primarily decreases heart rate and contractility, while amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker that relaxes blood vessels. Losartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) that also affects the renin-angiotensin system but operates through a different mechanism than ACE inhibitors.