What condition may be diagnosed in infants who choke during feedings and are at risk of pneumonia?

• A. Esophageal Atresia
• B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• C. Tracheoesophageal Fistula
• D. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Answer: (C)

Infants who experience choking during feedings and are at a heightened risk of pneumonia may be diagnosed with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). This condition involves an abnormal connection between the trachea and esophagus, which can lead to the aspiration of food and liquids into the lungs. When infants with TEF attempt to feed, the milk or formula can easily pass into the trachea instead of the esophagus, causing choking episodes and significantly increasing the risk of aspiration pneumonia.

In addition to feeding difficulties and the risk of pneumonia, infants with this condition may also exhibit other signs such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and excessive salivation. The diagnosis is often confirmed through imaging studies or direct visualization during an endoscopic procedure. Early recognition and intervention are critical to prevent complications associated with aspiration and to ensure appropriate feeding techniques or surgical correction.