A patient with α1-antitrypsin deficiency is at increased risk for developing which condition?

• A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
• B. Cirrhosis
• C. Lung Cancer
• D. Interstitial Lung Disease

Answer: (B)

Patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency are at an increased risk for developing cirrhosis due to the accumulation of abnormal α1-antitrypsin protein in the liver. This condition results from a genetic mutation that affects the production of α1-antitrypsin, a protein that protects the lungs and liver from damage.

In individuals with this deficiency, the misfolded protein cannot be properly secreted from the liver, leading to buildup within hepatocytes (liver cells). This accumulation causes cellular injury, inflammation, and eventually fibrosis, which can progress to cirrhosis. Cirrhosis represents the advanced scarring of the liver due to long-standing damage and is a significant concern for patients with this condition.

While patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency can also face risks for other complications such as liver cancer or lung diseases, the most direct and significant complication resulting from the condition itself is the development of cirrhosis. This highlights the importance of regular monitoring and possible interventions to manage liver health in these patients.